ENT/Otolaryngology

• Surgical oncology
• Reconstruction
• Endocrine surgery

• Ear - A normal ear is the one that kis in a fixed proportion to the human face and look natural.  But in some people this proportion is abnormal, drawing uninvited attention of the people around. 
• Hearing - A lot of factors contribute towards disorders related to hearing in both adults and children. Some of these factors are genetic, age related and more recently because of a lot of ear damaging technological advancements that is very common among the younger generation. Loud and continuous noise wear downs the hearing in some of the professions where it becomes unavoidable for the people to work withour noise. Hypertension and diabetes also interfere with the ability of the ear to hear well because of the reduced oxxygen supply.

• Sinusitis- In medical language, Sinusitis is the inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. The condition is triggered primarily by either upper respiratory viral infections or upper airway allergy. External factors such as environmental hypersensitivities and allergies to pollen grains can also result in sinusitis.
• Allergy - Allergy in simple language is an unusual response of the human immune system to a category of substance that are otherwise harmless and do not trigger and abnormal response of the immune system.  The set of allergic substances differ from person to person. Some of the know agents causing allergies in human are dust, pollen, grass, inhalant molds, pets' dander(skin cells) and some chemicals. Allergic reactions may affect eyes, skin, nasal tract etc.
• Apnea and snoring - Sleep Apnea refers to a condition where there is a temporary disruption of breathing while the person is sleeping. The condition is very common among overweight people, people with upper airway obstruction.  a deviated septum etc. If left untreated the disorder can become more severe as lesser oxygen is now transported to the brain and the rest of the body. Untreated Sleep apnea can lead to diseases of the brain and cardiovasular system like brain haemmorhage, heart attacks, increased blood pressure etc.  Snoring in simpler terms means noisy breathing while sleeping.  Snoring and sleep apnea often go hand in hand, but not always. Like sleep apnea, snoring is also more common in overweight people because of the excessive fat in the parapharyngeal area, thus narrowing the pharynx. Snoring increases with age, with men more affected than women.

Pediatrics

• Velopharyngeal insufficiency - It's a kind of nasal hyperresonance or reflux of food or saliva into the nasopharynx during swallowing. It occurs when the nasopharynx and the oropharynx aren't successfully separated by complete palatal closure during certain speech sounds. Persistent VPI appears in about 10-40 % of children after cleft lip repair.
• Cleft lip and palate - Cleft lip and cleft palate are two of the most common birth defects in infants all over the world. As the name suggests the lip or the palate is cleft or divided in these defects. These facial malformations starts right from the time when the baby is developing inside the mother. These defects could be caused by genetic factors like chromosomal aberrations or environmental factor and cannot be prevented. The chances of a child developing a cleft lip or palate increases if the parents suffer from the same disorder.
• Airway -
• Vascular malformations
• Cochlear implant/BAHA - A cochlear implant is a very advanced listening device that can help providing auditory abilities to patients who have negligible benefits from hearing aids. Initial Cochlear Implants used to have a single electrode and transmitted limited sound signals but some of the recent implants have multiple electrodes that are capable of transmitting more sound signals. Cochlear Implants or CI need surgical implantation and are thus different from other hearing aids that could be removed at will.